Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has suggested transitioning the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to the RISC-V instruction set architecture, aiming to improve compatibility, decentralization, and long-term maintainability.
In a recent blog post, Buterin outlined the challenges of the current EVM design, which relies on a custom stack-based virtual machine language tailored specifically for Ethereum. While this design has served the network for nearly a decade, it poses limitations in terms of compatibility with mainstream hardware and programming languages.
Buterin argues that adopting RISC-V, an open standard instruction set used widely in academic and industry settings, could open the door to a broader ecosystem of tooling, better performance, and greater accessibility for developers. Unlike proprietary architectures such as x86 or ARM, RISC-V is open-source and freely available, aligning well with Ethereum’s principles.
One key advantage of moving to RISC-V, according to Buterin, is the potential to reduce reliance on niche infrastructure, allowing Ethereum nodes to operate more efficiently on a wider range of hardware. He also emphasized the opportunity to future-proof the protocol, as newer programming tools and compilers could be leveraged more effectively under a RISC-V-based environment.
However, Buterin acknowledged that the transition would not be simple. Such a shift would require broad coordination among Ethereum developers and could introduce compatibility risks for smart contracts already deployed on the network. As a result, he floated the idea of implementing the change in a future Ethereum execution layer or a separate zk-EVM rollup that embraces RISC-V from the ground up.
The proposal has sparked early discussions within the Ethereum developer community, with some viewing it as a long-term vision for the network’s evolution. While no timeline has been set, Buterin’s post invites further exploration of the idea and sets the stage for future debate on Ethereum’s technical foundations.