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Canada’s court rules emoji as a valid contract agreement

A Canadian judge has ruled that the widely used thumbs-up emoji can affirm that a person is legally entering into a contract. 

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A Canadian judge has ruled that the widely used thumbs-up emoji can affirm that a person is legally entering into a contract. 

According to a report from The New York Times, Judge T.J. Keene said the decision mirrors a “new reality in Canadian society” as more people use emojis to express themselves in all sorts of situations, including business dealings.

The case sought to determine whether a farmer had agreed to sell tons of flax to a grain buyer in 2021. As per the report, the buyer sent the purchase contract to the farmer and wrote, “Please confirm flax contract.“

Upon receiving the thumbs-up emoji as a reply, he understood the farmer “was agreeing to the contract,” and the emoji was his way of accepting it. The farmer, on the other hand, said the emoji was meant to confirm that he “received the flax contract.”

The judge noted that the farmer and buyer had had a longstanding trade relationship, and that the farmer had responded to previous sales agreements with texts such as “looks good,” “ok” or “yup.” In the decision, Keene referred to the dictionary.com definition of the thumbs-up emoji: “used to express assent, approval or encouragement in digital communications, especially in Western cultures.”

Eric Goldman, a law professor at Santa Clara University School of Law, told the NYT that despite the decision, the meaning of the thumbs-up emoji remains an open question, depending on each case.

The professor noted that some young people may use the emoji in a sarcastic or disingenuous way, while others may use it to confirm receiving a message. The gesture may also be offensive in some Middle Eastern countries, he said. The case reminds “people that using the thumbs-up emoji can have serious legal consequences,” Goldman added.

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US lawmakers advance anti-CBDC bill

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U.S. lawmakers have voted to advance a bill aimed at blocking the Federal Reserve from issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC), marking a major step in the political pushback against the development of a digital dollar.

The bill, which passed through the House Financial Services Committee, would prohibit the Fed from directly offering accounts or issuing a CBDC to individuals, citing concerns over surveillance, privacy, and government overreach.

Supporters of the legislation argue that a digital dollar could pose significant risks to civil liberties, enabling real-time tracking of consumer transactions and expanding federal control over personal finances. They view the bill as a safeguard against what they describe as a “surveillance-style” monetary system.

Opponents of the bill, however, argue that restricting CBDC development could hinder U.S. innovation and global competitiveness in the evolving digital financial landscape.

The legislation now moves closer to a potential floor vote in Congress. Its progress underscores growing ideological divisions over the future of money in the United States, with CBDCs emerging as a new front in the broader debate over digital governance, financial freedom, and the role of government in the digital age.

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Gemini to open Miami office after judge stays SEC case

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Crypto exchange Gemini has opened a new office in Miami, reinforcing its commitment to expanding operations despite pausing its plans for an initial public offering (IPO) amid a continuing legal battle with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The Miami office signals the company’s long-term vision for growth in key U.S. markets, even as regulatory uncertainty clouds the broader crypto landscape. The expansion comes at a time when Gemini is facing heightened scrutiny from the SEC over its Earn program, which the regulator alleges involved unregistered securities.

While the IPO remains on hold, Gemini continues to strengthen its infrastructure and team, focusing on user growth, compliance, and regional outreach. The Miami hub is expected to play a strategic role in those efforts, leveraging the city’s growing status as a U.S. crypto hotspot.

Co-founders Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss remain vocal about the need for clear regulatory frameworks and have emphasized that Gemini will continue to fight for fair treatment while building responsibly in the U.S. and abroad.

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Coinbase Institutional files for XRP futures trading with CFTC

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Coinbase Institutional has officially filed with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to offer XRP futures trading, marking a significant move toward expanding institutional access to Ripple’s native token.

The filing, submitted through Coinbase Derivatives, signals the exchange’s intent to list XRP futures contracts in a regulated environment. If approved, it would allow institutional investors to gain exposure to XRP through derivative products, a key step in broadening the token’s presence in traditional financial markets.

This development comes amid a gradually improving regulatory climate for XRP, following a partial legal victory for Ripple in its ongoing case with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The outcome gave XRP a degree of legal clarity, opening the door for exchanges and financial institutions to re-engage with the asset.

Coinbase’s push to expand its derivatives offerings also aligns with its strategy to build a more robust institutional platform. Approval from the CFTC would position the exchange to capitalize on growing demand for regulated crypto investment vehicles.

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